Coronavirus disease(COVID-19):The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions     

Peijie Chen  Lijuan Mao  George P.Nassis  Peter Harmer  Barbara E.Ainsworth  Fuzhong Li 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):103-104

The on-going Coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak in China has become the world's leading health headline and is causing major panic and public concerns.On January 30,2020,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared that the new coronavirus outbreak is a public health emergency of international concern.1 The virus has already had a direct impact on more than 10 million people in the city of Wuhan and has reached other parts of China as well,posing a health threat of unknown magnitude globally.As of February 8,2020,WHO reported 34,886 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally,with 34,589 of them occurring in China(including 6101 severe cases and 723 deaths).A total of 288 other confirmed cases(with 1 death)have been reported in 24 countries,including Japan,Australia,Germany,and United States.2 However,these daily estimates are expected to rise even higher as reports from health authorities in China3 are gathered and near real-time updates of the Johns Hopkins virus dashboard are made 4 The outbreak has caused governments in various countries to take swift and protective measures.In China,these included putting cities on lockdown,5 implementing travel wamings/bans and cancellations,6 extending national holidays,and closing schools and postponing classes7.  相似文献   

Gut microbiota and obesity:Impact of antibiotics and prebiotics and potential for musculoskeletal health     

Teja Klancic  Raylene A.Reimer 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(2):110-118,197

Obesity is a complex disease with multiple contributing factors.One of the most intensely studied factors during the past decade has been the gut microbiota,which is the community of all microbes in the intestinal tract.The gut microbiota,via energy extraction,inflammation,and other actions,is now recognized as an important player in the pathogenesis of obesity.Dysbiosis,or an imbalance in the microbial community,can initiate a cascade of metabolic disturbances in the host.Early life is a particularly important period for the development of the gut microbiota,and perturbations such as with antibiotic exposure can have long-lasting consequences for host health.In early life and throughout the life span,diet is one of the most important factors that shape the gut microbiota.Although diets high in fat and sugar have been shown to contribute to dysbiosis and disease,dietary fiber is recognized as an important fermentative fuel for the gut microbiota and results in the production of short-chain fatty acids that can act as signaling molecules in the host.One particular type of fiber,prebiotic fiber,contributes to changes in the gut microbiota,the most notable of which is an increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium.This review highlights our current understanding of the role of gut microbiota in obesity development and the ways in which manipulating the microbiota through dietary means,specifically prebiotics,could contribute to improved health in the host,including musculo skeletal health.  相似文献   

超高含水原油混合流动及初始沉积特性     

邢晓凯  吕朝旭  刘珈铨 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(2):228-233

使用自行设计的实验装置，对超高含水原油的流动特性和初始沉积过程进行探究。系统研究实验温度、混合流速和体积含水率对超高含水原油初始沉积过程的影响，分析不同温度下原油的运动形态和初始沉积方式。初始沉积过程可分为蔓延沉积过程和粘连沉积过程，根据沉积特点和压降曲线的变化趋势将初始沉积过程分为3个阶段：沉积诱导期、快速沉积期和沉积动态平衡期。通过对沉积物碳数分布的分析，得知超高含水原油初始沉积过程中，同时存在剪切剥离作用、胶凝作用和分子扩散作用。实验温度和体积含水率主要通过改变胶凝作用和分子扩散来影响初始沉积过程，混合流速通过改变剪切剥离强度来影响初始沉积过程。  相似文献   

一种在轨海上多运动舰船目标检测和跟踪方法     

矫腾章  胡玉新  吕鹏  张凯  台宪青 《中国科学院大学学报》2020,37(3):368-378

传统遥感卫星图像处理采用在地面进行目标检测和跟踪处理的模式，卫星将拍摄到的图像数据下传至地面数据处理中心，由地面数据处理系统对接收到的遥感图像数据进行目标检测和跟踪。然而，随着遥感图像分辨率的不断提高，需要下传的数据量增大，导致星地数据传输的时间大大增加，最终造成目标检测和跟踪的时效性降低。针对上述问题，提出一种基于多特征量判别的Canny边缘检测和联合概率数据关联的在轨海上多运动舰船目标检测和跟踪方法。将该方法利用中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院的高分微纳卫星实测数据在模拟星载的嵌入式开发平台上进行验证，结果表明该方法能够在轨对海上多运动舰船目标进行快速、准确的检测和跟踪。  相似文献   

Application of network meta-analysis in the field of physical activity and health promotion     

Xiwen Su  Daniel J. McDonough  Haitao Chu  Minghui Quan  Zan Gao 《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(6):511-520

Continued advancement in the field of physical activity and health promotion relies heavily on the synthesis of rigorous scientific evidence. As such, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have led to a better understanding of which intervention strategies are superior (i.e., produce the greatest effects) in physical activity-based health behavior change interventions. Indeed, standard meta-analytic approaches have allowed researchers in the field to synthesize relevant experimental evidence using pairwise procedures that produce reliable estimates of the homogeneity, magnitude, and potential biases in the observed effects. However, pairwise meta-analytic procedures are only capable to discerning differences in effects between a select intervention strategy and a select comparison or control condition. In order to maximize the impact of physical activity interventions on health-related outcomes, it is necessary to establish evidence concerning the comparative efficacy of all relevant physical activity intervention strategies. The development of network meta-analysis (NMA)—most commonly used in medical-based clinical trials—has allowed for the quantification of indirect comparisons, even in the absence of direct, head-to-head trials. Thus, it stands to reason that NMA can be applied in physical activity and health promotion research to identify the best intervention strategies. Given that this analysis technique is novel and largely unexplored in the field of physical activity and health promotion, care must be taken in its application to ensure reliable estimates and discernment of the effect sizes among interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to comment on the potential application and importance of NMA in the field of physical activity and health promotion, describe how to properly and effectively apply this technique, and suggest important considerations for its appropriate application in this field. In this paper, overviews of the foundations of NMA and commonly used approaches for conducting NMA are provided, followed by assumptions related to NMA, opportunities and challenges in NMA, and a step-by-step example of developing and conducting an NMA.  相似文献   

Hustle and Gig: Struggling and Surviving in the Sharing Economy     

Jasmine D. Hill 《Journal of Cultural Economy》2020,13(4):507-510

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A Bioethos for Bodies: Respecting a Priceless Resource     

Thomas H. Champney 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(4):432-434

The value that willed body donors provide to medical education is priceless. Their precious gift helps to teach anatomy, spatial relationships between morphological structures, anatomical variation, and professionalism to medical students in a way that plastic models, podcasts, and lectures cannot. They are also an important resource for medical research and a wide variety of postgraduate training opportunities. While many body donation programs throughout the world are nonprofit organizations, there are body donation companies in the United States that sell donors for-profit. These “body brokers” have accumulated large profits from this business. It is incongruous that others would profit from such a priceless, freely donated gift. To prevent this incongruity, it is proposed that the international anatomical community develop a normative culture (a bioethos) for body donation programs. This would involve the conscious and systematic development of ethical principles for the day-to-day policies and practices of institutions that collect and use human bodies. With the development of this bioethos, a cultural shift in how donors are treated would occur and, over time, this would become the normal practice. These principles would become fundamental and foundational for the procurement and use of priceless human tissues.  相似文献   

Mediated absent presence in forced displacement     

Mirjam A. Twigt 《Popular Communication》2019,17(2):171-184

ABSTRACT

For many forcefully displaced people worldwide, notions around one’s sense of “home” and “place” in the world are perpetually unsettled. This article explores how digital technologies interact with embodied, material experiences within the geographical location refugees are residing in. Empirical examples from ethnographic research conducted among Iraqi urban refugees, living in prolonged uncertainty in Jordan, shows how situated experiences of legal, material, and social uncertainty reinforce particular mediated socialities. Pivotal studies have shown how digital connections engender virtual home-making practices and a wide variety of connected presences. This study points to the other side of the same coin: the cultivation of “absent presence.” “Absent presence” refers to feelings—the ambivalence that experiences of prolonged displacement bring about—but also to active disengagement and affective tactics in response. These engender a further separation from the physical world where forced migrants are not deemed welcome.  相似文献   

Mediating a compromised solidarity     

Jason Vincent A. Cabañes 《Popular Communication》2019,17(2):109-124

ABSTRACT

This article explores popular media as resources for judgment in how settled migrants in Europe imagine solidarities toward newer arrivals seeking entry into the region. It discusses the news and entertainment consumption of Filipino nurses in London and how this figures in their imaginary of social and political bonds with refugees. Drawing on ethnographic interviews, I argue that these Filipino migrants can only articulate a compromised solidarity: one fractured between empathy with refugees and concern about what these newer arrivals might mean for settled migrants in the city. I then explain how the media contribute to this fracturing. One way is that the xenophobia in popular media content on social media leads the Filipinos to assert their difference with other migrants, including refugees. A second is that the Filipinos deploy popular media content, especially on British television, to assert that they belong to UK society more than other migrants, again including refugees.  相似文献   

Motivation counteracts fatigue-induced performance decrements in soccer passing performance     

Jeroen C.M. Barte  Arne Nieuwenhuys  Sabine A.E. Geurts  Michiel A.J. Kompier 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1189-1196

Recent theories suggest that negative effects of fatigue on performance are determined by perception of effort and motivation rather than being directly caused by reaching physiological limits. In the current experiment, the influence of motivation on fatigue-induced decrements in soccer performance was experimentally investigated. Sixty amateur soccer players performed a validated soccer-passing test before and after a fatigue protocol. Results showed that players’ motivation and performance decreased after the fatigue protocol for players in the control group. In contrast, players in the motivation group (i.e., with motivation experimentally induced after the fatigue protocol) were able to uphold their motivation and increase their performance. These results indicate that motivation plays a crucial role in performance under fatigue, as fatigue-induced decrements in soccer passing performance can be counteracted by high levels of motivation. Future research may explore the limits of this counteracting effect and extend findings to other relevant performance aspects.  相似文献